Offline reinforcement learning (RL) tasks require the agent to learn from a precollected dataset with no further interactions with the environment. Despite the potential tosurpass thebehavioral policies, RL-based methods aregenerally impractical duetothetraining instability andbootstrapping theextrapolation errors, which always require careful hyperparameter tuning via online evaluation.

Using sparse GP models is a popular method for reducing the computational cost of BO.

Offline meta-reinforcement learning (OMRL) utilizes pre-collected offline datasets to enhance the agent's generalization ability on unseen tasks.

We make use of four internal 12 GB NVIDIA TIT AN Xp GPUs to perform our experiments. At initialization of each environment, four UEs are randomly stationed 1.5 meters above the The L TE base station lies at ( x, z) = (40 m, 3m) . We use random seed values from 0 to 63, inclusive, for this parameter. Do not distribute. of four We train PTD3 for 10,000 steps, instead of 1,000,000 steps, which we do for TD3+BC.

Training offline RL models using visual inputs poses two significant challenges, i.e.,

Optimizing complex and high-dimensional black-box functions is ubiquitous in science and engineering fields.